ELRASE IIIBrief Nº 06 / 104 min read

The ODPP Just Admitted It Has Not Been Prosecuting Child Labour Cases.

Prosecutorial gaps create space for private prosecution and victim-funded litigation.

By CounselConnect15 April 2026

Filed under · ELRASE III Final Report 2025 (pp. 55-58)

§88
of the Criminal Procedure Code permits private prosecution

Key Data

Mr. Victor Owiti of the ODPP acknowledged at ELRASE III that child labour offences have not been actively pursued from the ODPP's perspective. A dedicated Children's Division has been established within the ODPP, with child-friendly interview rooms in Nairobi, Kisumu, Mombasa, and Lamu. A Prosecutors' Guide on Handling Child-Related Cases and a forthcoming child labour handbook are in development.

What Is Happening

The prosecutorial infrastructure is being built in real time. The creation of a dedicated Children's Division, the development of prosecution guides, and the expansion of child-friendly interview rooms signal that criminal enforcement of child labour laws is about to increase significantly. The gap between the current near-zero prosecution rate and the emerging infrastructure represents a transitional period where advocates can position themselves.

Why It Is Happening

The prosecution gap was caused by three factors: lack of awareness even among legal professionals about what constitutes exploitation (confirmed by the ODPP presenter), weak investigation capacity, and the fragmentation of child labour offences across multiple statutes.

Practice Impact and Revenue

For criminal law practitioners, the ODPP's own admission that it has not been prosecuting these cases is significant. It means that private prosecution under Section 88 of the Criminal Procedure Code becomes a viable pathway for victims seeking accountability.

For human rights lawyers, the combination of admitted non-prosecution and a signed Communique promising action creates a mandamus target: if the ODPP fails to act after its public commitment, a court order compelling prosecution is arguable.

For employment lawyers, Section 193A of the Criminal Procedure Code permits civil and criminal proceedings to run concurrently, allowing compensation claims alongside criminal prosecution.

Criminal defence work will increase as prosecutions rise. Conversely, victim representation in private prosecution proceedings is a new revenue stream. NGOs and international organisations fund victim-side legal representation in child exploitation cases.

Strategic Insight — What Most Advocates Will Miss

The ODPP's admission at a public symposium that it has not been prosecuting child labour cases is a remarkable statement. It is simultaneously an acknowledgement of failure and a signal of intent to change. Advocates should treat it as evidence in any future mandamus application.

Action Checklist

  1. Review Section 88 of the Criminal Procedure Code on private prosecution.
  2. Review Section 193A on concurrent civil and criminal proceedings.
  3. Identify any existing client matters where child labour exploitation has been reported but not prosecuted.
  4. Prepare a standard letter to the ODPP requesting prosecution status updates on unreported child labour complaints.
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Continue the series
  1. 07Kenya's Child Labour Laws Focus on Morality, Not Exploitation. Courts Are Starting to Notice.4 min →
  2. 08Survivors Said the Justice System Re-Traumatises Them. The Judiciary Listened.4 min →
  3. 09Agricultural Supply Chains in Four Counties Face Specific Child Labour Compliance Risk.4 min →